Truss support



24, 1954 P. I. RONGVED ET AL TRUSS SUPPORT Filed Dec. 6, 1952 3Sheets-Sheet 1 d ma T v W p m 6 f F m W 14 4 we 2m w I. N mvE QM.

WW w. v m\ru 4, 1954 P. 1. RONGVED ET AL 2,687,102

'TRUSS SUPPORT Filed Dec. 6, 1952 3 Sheets-Shed 3 Ii IIIIIIIIAI "IY/////////(///////// X\/ ///I 4 INVENTORS Patented Aug. 24, 1954 UNITEDSTATES. ATENT OFFICE TRUSS SUPPORT Paul I. Rongved, Riverdale, N. Y.,and Cyral P.

Erwin, Houston, Tex., assignors to The Erwin- Newman Company, Houston,Tex., a cpartnership Application December 6, 1952, Serial No. 324,438

port, forlbuildings, roofs or bridge structures,

which can be substantially shallower in depth for a given load. carryingcapacity to thereby provide a truss support which can be substantiallyreduced in weight and made more readily portable from the point offabrication to the point of erection. 1

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a trusssupport of the above character which uses less steel, or other materialused for the fabrication of the support, for a given load carryingcapacity and also requires a lesser amount of labor for its handling anderection to thereby facilitate such handling and erection.

Another important object of the present invention is the provision of atruss support of the above character in which the deflection, at theouter unsupported end of the truss support, is substantially less thansuch deflection in the heretofore used cantilever type trusses. Pursuantto this object of the present invention, the truss support is soconstructed and arranged that live load deflection will be counteractedby temperature deflection to thereby neutralize or partiaily neutralizesuch live load deflection. This inherent tendency to balance thedeflection minimizes the downward deflection at the outer end of thetruss support so that when said support is used in a hangar installationwhere the hangar doors are guided at their upper ends by structureassociated with said outer end of the support, such guide structure canbe made substantially shallower than in heretofore used constructionswith the attendant advantages of saving material, reducing the weight atthe outer end of the support, and facilitating the sliding movement ofhangar doors guided by such structure.

Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of agenerally improved truss support system of the above character which, inits preferred form, is assembled from components which are structurallysimple and relatively easy to assemble and erect, and which systemprovides inherent substantial economies over prior art systemsconsistent with load carrying capacity.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will be more fully understood from the following descriptionconsidered in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic transverse view of an only. 35"

airplane hangar utilizing the truss support system of the presentinvention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view of the encircledportion 2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view of the encircledportion 4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5is a sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view of the encircledportion 6 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational M View of the encircledportion 1 of Fig. 1;

of Fig, '7;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on the line 8 8 Referring to thedrawings, and more particularly to Fig. 1 thereof, there is shown ahanger Ill for airplanes having a truss support structure I? formedaccording to the present invention.

1;; Although the support structure 12 is shown in association withhangar ll) it will be understood that such support structure may be usedin any building structure or bridge structure and its utilization inhangar I0 is by way of example Hangar l6 may be constructed in anydesired manner and in the illustratedembodiment said hangar is of thedouble type being constituted by hangar portions I l and it which arestructurally similar and which are separated by the lean-to l8 whichextends for the length of said hangar. The hangar Hl may be of anydesired length and Fig. 1 is illustrative of a transverse portion ofsaid hangar showing the truss support I2 associated with such hangar.

. It will be understood that the hangar Ill will be provided with aplurality of laterally spaced truss supports [2 with the number of suchsupports provided being in accordance with the hangar length. Each ofthe truss supports 42 is structurally similar and is associated withhangar If! in a similar manner, and accordingly only one of such trusssupports Will be described in detail on tracks at their lower ends. Thedoors 20 are guided at their upper ends for slidable movement bystructure to be described in detail hereinafter.

The truss support 12 comprises a balanced compression member 22, acantilever member 24 which is secured thereto, and the rigid means 26which is capable of taking compression or tension which in theillustrated embodiment is constituted by the member 23 and associatedsupporting structure which will be described in detail hereinafter. Itwill be evident that the truss support l2 extends transversely of thehangar section 14 for the full width thereof and that a plurality ofsuch truss supports will be provided in laterally spaced disposition,said truss supports being adapted to support the hangar roof (not shown)of hangar section 14. Although the longitudinally extending inner member22 in the preferred embodiment is a balanced compression member it is tobe noted that in truss support l2 it is not essential that member 22 bea balanced compression member since other types of members will suificefor the accomplishment of the intended purpose. In this connection itwill be noted that the member 22 is somewhat arched and is so shapedthat the resultant force acting thereon creates forces in the top andbottom chords of truss 22 acting in the same direction and approximatelyequal in magnitude. Thus member 22 is a balanced compression membersimilar to an arch following the thrust line. The member 22 is framedtogether as in a conventional cantilever support so that the componentmembers give mutual support and prevent distortion of the member, saidmember comprising a truss framework of straight members connected attheir ends and having internal axial stresses either in tension orcompression as the main forces to which they are subjected. Thus themember 22 is braced in any suitable manner by a plurality of diagonalrods 34 to produce the conventional triangulation illustrated in Fig. 1.Thus the balanced compression member 22 is structurally similar to aconventional cantilever support except that said member 22 is formedsubstantially shallower in depth than such conventional support for anequivalent load carrying capacity, for the reasons which will be fullybrought out hereinafter.

With reference to Figs. 1 and 6, there is shown one possible manner ofinterconnection between member 22 and the upright support 32 of lean toH3. The upright support 32 is preferably formed of a plurality of I-beamsections 34 which are joined together in end-to-end relation by means ofthe plates 36, said plates being suitably secured to said I-beamsections in any conventional manner, as by means of the rivets 38. Thusthe upright support or column 32 is formed by suitably securingtogethera plurality of sections, said sectional arrangement being desired inorder to minimize the transporting and handling problem. The inner end40 of the member 22 is secured to the upright support 32 by means of therocker joint 42. Although a rocker joint 42 is used in the preferredembodiment it will be apparent that any type joint may be utilized forthis purpose and such joint may be of the fixed type. Thus the uprightsupport 32 is provided with a fitting 44 secured thereto, said fittinghaving a planar face 46 which is adapted to cooperate with thearcuateface 48 of fitting 50 which is secured to the member 22. The fittings 44and 50 are maintained in assembled relation by means of the bolt 52which passes through aligned apertures in such fittings.

The cantilever member or outer member 24 is formed structurally similarto the member 22 except that the former is not a balanced compressionmember. The members 22 and 24 are preferably formed by a plurality ofangle members which are secured together to give mutual support and,although in the preferred embodiment the members 22 and 24 are formed asseparate structures, it will be understood that if desired said membersmay be formed as one integral structure or may be formed of a greaternumber of components than that shown and described herein. Thecantilever member 24 is adapted to be supported at its inner end 54 andits opposite end 56 is unsupported externally as in conventionalcantilever supports.

With reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 4 there is shown the manner ofinterconnection between the members 22 and 24 of truss sup-port 12, itbeing noted that members 22 and 24 are adapted to be assembled at thepoint of erection in the manner now to be described. The members 58constitute part of the support member 22 whereas the members 69constitute partof the support member 24, said members 58 and 60 beingsecured to the plate 62 in any desired manner, as by means of rivets andthe like. Thus the securement of the angle members 58 and 6B of themembers 22 and 24, respectively, to the support plate 62 is effective tomaintain the upper part of members 22 and 24 secured together in fixedrelation. In practice, the support plate 62 will be secured to the anglemembers til of member 24 at the point of fabrication and the anglemembers 58 of member 22 will be secured to said plate at the point oferection, it being noted that the member 24 constitutes the shortersection so that the securement of the plate 82 to said section will tendto balance the shipping load of the truss support [2 to the point oferection.

The angle members 58' and lit at the lower part of the members 22 and24, respectively, are secured together in a similar manner through theintermediation of the plate 64. It will be noted that the verticalmembers 62 are secured to both plates 62 and 54, said members beingdesignated as SE! at the lower ends thereof. With reference to Fig. 5 itwill be noted that angle members 60' 'are constituted by a pair of anglemembers in side by side relation, it being understood that if desiredmembers 22 and 24 may be similarly constituted in their entirety or maybe formed by the interconnection of single angle members, or by anycombination thereof. The lowermost angle members 58 and 60' are furthersecured together by means of the plate 66 which overlaps adjacent endportions of said members and is secured thereto in any conventionalmanner, as by means of rivets, or the like In practice, the plates 64and 66 will be secured, as by means of rivets, to the angle members ofcantilever member 24 and the angle members 53 of member 22 will besecured to said plates at the point of erection. From the above it willbe apparent that the members 22 and 24 may be fabricated as one unitarystructure or may be fabricated of a plurality of component parts andsubsequently assembled in the aforedescribed manner to produce thestructure designated as 22 and 24 of the truss support i2. As aforepointed out the end 56 of member 24 is unsupported, said end beingprovided with the guiding structure 68 which is adapted to guide thesliding doors 20 at their upper ends. The truss support I2, which isstructurally similar to a conventional cantilever type support, issubstantially shallower in depth for a given load carrying capacity thansuch conventional support, which results from the utilization of themeans 26 capable of taking compression or tension which partiallysupports the members 22 and 24 aforedescribed and opposes turningmoments of support I2 about joint 42 in two opposite directions. Thusthe members 22 and 24 are substantially shallower in depth for a givenload carrying capacity due to the integration with said members of themeans 26 capable of taking compression or tension which contributes tothe support of said members and opposes the turning moments thereof.

The member 28 capable of'taking tension or compression of the means 26is constituted by a longitudinally extending I-beam, said member I 28being supported at one end 10 by the column 32, the opposite end I2 ofsaid member being adapted to be secured to the members 22 and 24 at anintermediate point thereof, for example at the upper point ofinterconnection between the members 22 and 24.

With reference to Figs. 7 and 8 there is shown the manner ofinterconnection between the end I0 of the member 28 and an adjacentportion of the upper end of upright I-beam 32. The member I4 which iscapable of taking compression or tension is also constituted by anI-beam and is interconnected at a common point with the interconnectionof upright support 32 and the member 28. A pair of plates 16 are securedto the web portion I8 of member I4 in any suitable manner as by means ofwelding, riveting, or the like, said plates being adapted to receivetherebetween the upright plate 00 which is secured to the base plate 82,the latter in turn being secured to the plate 84 which is suitablysecured to the uppermost end portion of the upright support 32. The webportion 86 of the member 28 has secured thereto in any conventionalmanner a pair of filler plates 88, said filler plates having a pair ofsecuring plates '90 secured thereto, said plates 00 being adapted tostraddle the spaced plates I6 which are secured to member I4. The plate80, the plates I6, and the plates 90 are provided with apertures whichare adapted to be aligned in their properly assembled relation for thereception of the bolt 92, the latter being adapted to receive the nut 84for maintaining the upright support 32 and the members 28 and 14 in assebled relation.

With reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 and as afore pointed out in detail,the support plate 62 is utilized for interconnecting the members 22 and24 at their upper connection point. This same support plate 62 is alsoutilized for interconnecting one end of the member 28 to theinterconnected members 22 and 24. More particularly, the web portion 86of member has secured thereto in any conventional manner a pair offiller strips or plates 98, said filler strips in turn being secured tothe plates I00. Similarly, the plate 62 has a pair of plates I02 securedthereto, said pair of plates being adapted to be secured to the platesI00. The plates I00 and I02 and the support plate 62 are suitablyapertured therethrough and said apertures are adapted to be aligned forthe reception of the bolt I04 which is adapted to receive the nut I08for effecting the securement of the member 28 to the plate 62 andconsequently to the assembled members 22 and 24. Thus the plate 82constitutes the connecting means for interconnecting members 22, 24 and28, it being understod that said interconnection may be accomplished inany desirable manner and the specific interconnection aforedescribed ismerely by way of example and is not to be construed in any limitingsense.

With reference to Figs. 1, 9 and 10 there is shown the manner ofinterconnection between the member I4 and the members I06, H0 and H2,said members I08 and H0 being in the form of I-beams and constitutingthe means for the support of one end of member I4. Thus the members I08and I I0 are in the form of members capable of taking tension orcompression and together with the member I4 and the upright support 32constitute the support structure for the member 28. The web portion I8of member I4 has secured thereto in any suitable manner a pair of fillerstrips I IS, the latter having secured thereto in any desired manner theplates II8, said plates being adapted to be secured to the support plateI20 in a manner to be described hereinafter. The web portion i 22 of themember II2 similarly has secured thereto a pair of filler strips I24,the latter having secured thereto the plates I26 which are in turnadapted to be secured to the support plate I20. Thus each of the members14 and H2 are secured to the support plate I 20 in a similar manner, theplates I I8 and I26 being suitably apertured for the reception of thebolts I26 which pass through aligned apertures of the support plate I20,said bolts being adapted to receive nuts I30 for effecting theinterconnection between members 74 and H2 through the intermediation ofthe plate I20. It will be understood that the apertures in the supportplate I20 and plates H8 and I26 are adapted to be aligned for thethrough reception of bolts I28, the latter in conjunction with nuts I36constituting the fastening means for effecting this interconnection. Themembers I08 and H0 are connected in mutual angular relation to thesupport plate I20, each of said members being connected to the plate I20in a similar manner. The end I32 of member I08 has a fiat plate I34secured thereto in any desired manner, said plate in turn having anangle bracket I36 secured thereto. More particularly, the base I38 ofthe angle bracket I36 is secured to the plate I34 and the projecting orleg portion I00 of said bracket is secured to the plate M0 by means ofthe bolts I42. As aforenoted the member H0 is similarly connected to thesupport plate I20 through the intermediation of a plate I34 and bracketI36.

With reference to Figs. 1, 11 and 12 there is shown thespecific mannerof interconnection between the lower end portion of members I08 and I I0and the longitudinally extending horizontally disposed I-beam member I44which constitutes an upper supporting member of lean-to I8. It will beapparent that the member I44 opposes the horizontal component ofthe'force of the member 22 against the column 32. The I-beam member I44is provided with an end plate I46 as best shown in Fig. 6, said endplate'being secured to the upright column 32 adjacent to the point ofinterconnection between said column and member 22. The

members I08 and III) are secured to the member I46 of the member I08 issecured to one leg I48 of the bracket i513, said leg I48 being securedto the web portion i52 of the member I68 in any desired manner, as bymeans of bolts and nuts I54 and IE6, respectively. The base portion I58of the bracket i159 is secured to an adjacent portion of the face iti)of the member I44, said securement being effected by means of the bolts562.

The member I52, which is capable of taking tension or compression, isstructurally similar to the member M and is associated with the trusssupport I2 in the same manner that the member id is associated with thetruss support l2. The members it and II?) also constitute support meansfor the member H2 and it will be readily apparent that the inventiveconcept herein disclosed is equally applicable for utilization with asingle hangar section I-i. Thus truss support I2 may be used inassociation with a single hangar section i i in which case the member H2and its associated structure utilized for the support of the trusssupport I2 will be dispensed with. The means 25 which is capable oftaking tension or compression as herein described and illustrated forhangar section it is constituted by the member 28 and structure utilizedfor the support of said member, said structure being the members 74, E23and i it and the I-beam upright column 32. Thus column 22 and members28, I2, I08 and i ii: are members which are capable of taking tension orcompression which are adapted to aid in the support of the integratedstructure constituted by the members 22 and 24 whereby the lattermembers can be substantially shallower in depth for a given loadcarrying capacity than conventional cantilever arrangements. It is to benoted that the inclined I-beam member 28 may be supported in any desiredmanner and that the specific support means aforedescribed andconstituted by the members I4, I03 and Iii! and column 32 is givenmerely by way of example. Thus the member 28, which is secured to themembers 22 and 24 at a point spaced from the joint 42, may have its end"iii supported in spaced relation relative to said joint in any desiredmanner. From the above it will therefore be apparent that the member 23constitutes the principal support member of the means 26 which iscapable of taking tension or compression and that the structureassociated with the end I of member 22 constitutes structure of means 26which is utilized for the support of the end It! of member 28. Thus thetruss support i2 is supported at joint 52 and is supported at a pointspaced therefrom by the means 26 which is capable of taking tension orcompression and more specifically by the end 12 of the member 28. Themember 28 has its end it arranged in relation to the joint 42 and thepoint of interconnection between the members 22 and 22 so that a largelever arm is provided by column 52, said lever arm extending between thepoint of interconnection 42 and the point of interconnection betweenmember 28 and column 32. Thus the portion of the column 32 between theadjacent ends of the members 22 and 28 and their point ofinterconnection with the upright support 32 constitutes a large leverarm for the support of members 22 and 22 to thereby enhance thesupporting characteristics of the means 26. It is to be noted thatlean-to I8 and associated structure constitute vertical supporting meansfor truss support 52, and that the means 26 which is capable of takingtension or compression is disposed above truss i2 and is secured theretoat a point spaced from joint 42 whereby to oppose turning moments ofsaid truss in either of two opposite directions about said joint.Although specific interconnections between the members of the trusssupport system have been illustrated and described, it will beunderstood that any suitable interconnections may be used.

As aforepointed out the member 22 of the support :2 is preferablyconstructed as a balanced compression member although it will beunderstood that said member need not be a balanced compression member inthe system aforedescribed. The deflection at the end 56 of the trusssupport i2 is substantially less than the deflection in the heretoforeused cantilever type trusses, this feature being achieved byconstructing and arranging the live load deflection as to becounteracted by temperature defiection to thereby neutralize orpartially neutralize the live load deflection. For example, undercertain climatic conditions thereof hangar it would be weighted down bysnow deposited thereon which would be effective to deflect the end 56 ofsupport I2 downwardly, as will be readily apparent. Under suchconditions the member 28 which is outside of the hangar proper wouldcontract due to the lower atmospheric temperature whereas the members 22and 24 would not so contract and might even expand depending on thetemperature in the hangar. Thus the live load deflection at the end. 56of support i2 would be counteracted by the temperature deflectionaforediscussed so that these two tendencies act in opposite directionsto thereby neutralize each other or partially neutralize each other.Consequently the deflection due to the live load under the above notedconditions is compensated for, either wholly or partially, by thedeflection due to temperature variation and the deflections of the liveload and the deflections due to temperature variation will never be inthe same direction but on the contrary will always act in oppositedirections to thereby tend to neutralize each other. This balanceddefleo= tion feature permits the guiding structure 53 for the hangardoors at to be substantially shallower than in the heretofore usedconstructions with the attendant advantages of saving material, reducingthe weight at the outer end of support i2, and facilitating the slidingmovement of hangar doors 2c guided at their upper ends by the guidingstructure 68.

Thus the truss support 52 which is structurally similar to acantilevcrtype support can be substantially shallower in depth for a given loadcarrying capacity so that the support i2 can be substantially reduced inweight and made more readily portable from the point of fabrication tothe point of erection. As afore pointed out the means 25 which iscapable of taking tension or compression, constituted by the member 28and associated support structure, aids in the support of the unitarystructure constituted by the members 22 and 24 whereby said unitarystructure can be made substantialy shallower as aforedescribed. Themeans 26 which is capable of taking tension or compression isconstituted by I-beam members which have the characteristic ofwithstanding both tension and compression forces depending on the forcesacting on the unitary structure constituted by the members 22 and 24.Thus when downward forces are applied to truss support I2 the member 22will oppose a counter-clockwise moment of support l2 about joint 22 andwill have tension stresses applied thereto whereas when upward forcesare applied to said support compression stresses will be set up inmember 28.

9 to oppose a clockwise moment of support I 2 about joint 412, as willbe readily apparent. The support structure aioredescribed in detail ispreferably fabricated of steel utilizing conventionally shapedstructural members although it will be understood that such members maybe constructed of any of the well known structural materials and may beshaped in any desired manner. The truss support 12, in its preferredform, is assembled from components which are structurally simple andrelatively easy to assemble and erect, and

I which support provides inherent substantial economies over prior artsupports consistent with load carrying capacity. It will be readilyapparent that members 22 and 2d are substantially shallower in depth fora given load carrying capacity than a conventional cantilever typesupport due due to the integration with said members of the means 25which is capable of taking compression or tension whereby there isobviated the need for forming said members of such weight as to providesufficient deadload to oppose a clockwise moment of said members aboutjoint 42. Further it is to be noted that member 22 is acted upon by aresulting reaction at each end and primarily by transverse forces overthe length thereof, said reactions and forces creating a thrustlinesimilar to an arch. There may exist more than one thrustline dependingon the various loading conditions and by shaping member 22 so that thetop chord is above and the bottom chord is below such thrustiine orthrustlines, a maximum economy of materials is achieved and said memberWill be of minimum depth.

While we have shown and described the preferred embodiment of ourinvention, it will be understood that various changes may be made in thepresent invention without departing from the underlying idea orprinciples of the invention within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. In a structure, vertical supporting means, a truss secured at itsinner end to said vertical supporting means and projecting outwardlytherefrom, and means for suspending said truss from said verticalsupporting means comprising rigid means capableof taking compression ortension disposed above said truss and secured to the latter at a pointspaced from said inner end of the truss for opposing the turning momentsof the truss in either of the two directions about the point of saidsecurement of its inner end to said vertical supporting means, saidrigid means capable of taking tension or compression comprising a membersecured to said vertical supporting means at a point spaced upwardlyfrom the top of the truss at the inner end thereof and extending fromsaid last mentioned point to said point of securement to the truss, saidtruss having a cantilever section projecting outwardly beyond said pointat which said rigid means capable of taking tension or compression issecured to said truss.

2. In a structure, vertically extending supporting means, a trusssecured at its inner end to said vertically extending supporting meansand projecting outwardly therefrom, and means for suspending said trussfrom said vertically extending supporting means comprising rigid meanscapable of taking compression or tension disposed above said truss andsecured to the latter at a point spaced from said inner end of the trussfor opposing the turning moments of the truss in either of the twodirections about the point of said securement of its inner end to saidvertically extending supporting means, said means capable of takingtension or compression comprising a member having an inner end securedto said vertically extendin supporting means at a point spaced upwardlyfrom the top of the truss at the inner end thereof and extending fromsaid last mentioned point to said point of securement to the truss, saidvertically extending supporting means having a part disposed laterallyand downwardly of said inner end of said first mentioned member, and arigid member connected to said inner end of said first mentioned memberand connected to said part of said vertically extending supportingmeans, at least part of said truss being a balanced compression memberextending longitudinally of the truss between its inner end and thepoint at which said rigid means capable of taking compression or tensionis secured to the truss.

3. In a structure, a truss, means for supporting said truss at the innerend thereof at a point ver- 'cally spaced from the lower end of said supporting means, and rigid means capable of taking tension or compressiondisposed above said truss and secured to the latter at a point spacedoutwardly from said first mentioned point, said rigid means capable oftaking tension or compression comprising a member secured to said firstmen-- tioned means at a point spaced upwardly from said truss at theinner end thereof and extending from said last mentioned point to saidoutwardly spaced point, said truss comprising framework membersconnected to each other, said means which is capable of takingcompression or tension acting on said framework as a unit to oppose theturning moments of said framework in either of two opposite directionsabout said first mentioned point.

4. In a structure, a truss, means for supporting said truss at the innerend thereof at a point vertically spaced from the lower end of saidsupportingmeans and rigid means capable of taking tension or compressiondisposed above said truss and secured to the latter at a point spacedoutwardly from said first mentioned point, said rigid means capable oftaking tension or compression comprising a member secured to said firstmentioned means at a point spaced upwardly from said truss at the innerend thereof and extending from said last mentioned point to saidoutwardly spaced point, said truss comprising framework membersconnected to each other and having internal axial stresses either intension or compression as the main forces to which they are subjected,said means which is capable of taking compression or tension acting onsaid framework as a unit to oppose the turning moments of said frameworkin either of two opposite directions about said first mentioned point,said means for supporting said truss comprising a vertical column towhich said member is anchored at said inner end thereof, said verticalcolumn being subjected. to the horizontal component of the force of saidtruss therea ainst, and means for opposing said horizontal component ofthe force of said truss against said column.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS YNumber Name Date 1,773,656 Wasilkowski Aug. 19, 1930 FOREIGN PATENTSNumber Country Date 302,005 Germany Oct. 9, 1914 554,327 Great; BritainJune 29, 1943

